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Jilin Province adhesive tape manufacturers - Selection methods for automotive wire harnesses
Classification：
Industry News
Release Time：
2020-01-02
Automotive wire harnesses connect various electrical devices in a vehicle, forming the core of the vehicle's electrical system. As demands for vehicle safety, comfort, and emissions increase, automotive wire harnesses incorporate more and more functions, becoming increasingly complex. Harnesses consist of wires, connectors, wrapping tape, corrugated tubes, clips, rubber parts, etc. Automotive wire harnesses are a crucial part of the vehicle's electrical system; during the design process, wire selection must be considered concurrently. Based on years of experience, the author elaborates on wire selection from seven aspects: type, part requirement characteristics, wire number, wire color, wire diameter, lightweight design, and compatibility with fuses.
1. Wire Types
Wire type, also known as wire species. During the wire harness layout design process, engineers select different wire types based on their different functions. Because vehicles use a 12V battery for power supply, automotive wires are also called low-voltage wires.
1) Classification by Standard Automotive wire harnesses are classified according to wire standards, including national standards, Japanese standards, German standards, and American standards. German standards (DIN) are abbreviated from German Industrial Standards and mainly include: DIN72550, DIN72551, DIN76772. German standard wires have thin insulation and good flexibility. Due to the special nature of China's automotive industry, Chinese automakers mainly refer to German standards.
2) Classification by Application According to their application, automotive wires can be divided into ordinary wires, twisted-pair wires, and shielded wires, as shown in Figure 1.
Ordinary wires are the most widely used and will not be discussed further. The principle of twisted-pair wires is that if the interference generated by external electromagnetic signals on two wires is equal in magnitude and opposite in phase, these interference signals will cancel each other out. Twisting is the simplest way to eliminate interference, and twisted-pair wires can be used in less stringent applications. However, shielded wires are needed in critical areas, such as airbag sensor circuits. Shielding is the most effective measure to avoid electromagnetic interference because when external interfering electromagnetic waves propagate, they will not pass through metal materials but will be forced to change direction and travel along the metal. If a metal material is wrapped around the equipment or wire to be shielded and connected to the ground through a ground wire, the interfering electromagnetic waves will flow to the ground through the ground wire, and the signal in the shielded wire can be transmitted normally. Shielded wires generally require one end of the shield to be grounded and the other end to be floating. Shielded wires are divided into aluminum foil shielded wires and braided shielded wires. The black wire in the aluminum foil shielded wire is the ground wire, and the braided mesh in the braided shielded wire is the ground wire. Aluminum foil shielded wires are generally used now because their wire harness processing is relatively simple.
Key words:
Wire, car, shielded wire, interference, shielding, electric wire, requirement, type, conduct
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